Heat pump cost: look past the sticker

Look at upfront cost alongside equipment performance, installation requirements and expected operating considerations.

What drives the upfront price

• Capacity and cold-climate rating of the outdoor unit
• Single-zone ductless vs. ducted central equipment
• Air handler or furnace pairing, and backup heat type
• Electrical panel capacity and circuit work
• Duct modifications, line routing and condensate
• Permits, commissioning and warranty length

What drives the operating cost

• Efficiency at low outdoor temperatures (where King County systems spend their winter hours)
• How often backup heat runs — a sizing and controls question, not just an equipment question
• Duct losses in unconditioned spaces
• Your current fuel: replacing electric resistance or oil heat changes the math most

A complete proposal separates the equipment price from rebate assumptions and states which incentives it is counting on. Programs change; verify current offers before you sign.

Reference materials

• ENERGY STAR: 10 tips for hiring a heating and cooling contractor
• ACCA: Manual S residential equipment selection
• U.S. Department of Energy: heat pump systems
• Washington L&I: verify a contractor